The people of ancient Egypt belonged to three main social classes, often referred to as upper, middle, and lower classes. Social class was inherited but not necessarily fixed permanently. Through marriage or hard work, a person could rise to a higher social class.
The tiny upper class included members of the royal family, army officers, doctors, wealthy landowners, and high-ranking government officials and priests. The somewhat larger middle class included merchants, skilled craftspeople, and manufacturers. The largest class, the lower class, consisted of unskilled workers, most of them farm laborers. Prisoners of war formed a separate class of slaves.
Excerpt from "Egypt and the Egyptians." The Ancient Near East: An Encyclopedia for Students, edited by Ronald Wallenfels and Jack M. Sasson, vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2000, pp. 56-66.
Gale eBooks, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2897300128/GVRL?u=nysl_me_bcschl&sid=GVRL&xid=d87023be. Accessed 2 Feb. 2021.
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