Check out these past STEAM fair activities for more inspiration!
Observe 3D printing and design and make geometric key chains or jewelry using a handheld 3D printer.
Learn to make blank books using bookbinding techniques. It's a great way to show off individuality and creativity while creating a practical item. Books can be used for personal journals, scrapbooks, writing, drawing, etc.
Book by
Full-color photos. From hieroglyphics to the development of alphabets and the invention of movable type, this book lover's dream chronicles the evolution of language and the written word. The development of papermaking and bookbinding is also described.
Show Me a Story by
Ready to build a picture book? First, you'll need the right tools. Open this title in the Writer's Toolbox series and discover plenty of tips and tools to get you started. Soon you'll be writing and showing stories like a pro!
How Books Are Made by
Animals. American History. Earth Science. Geography. Health. Space. True Books covers all this and more in photo-filled chapter books that provide a basic introduction to curriculum-relevant topics. Ideal for today's young investigative reader, each True Book includes lively sidebars, a glossary and an index, plus a comprehensive "To Find Out More" section listing books, organizations, and Internet sites. A staple of library collections since the 1950s, and redesigned with a fresh new look in 1996, the new True Books series is the definitive nonfiction series for elementary school readers.
From Pictures to Words by
Step by step through the creative process.
How a Book Is Made by
Describes the stages in making a book, starting with the writing of the manuscript and the drawing of the pictures, and explaining all the technical processes leading to printed and bound copies.
Creating Handmade Books by
The author, whose love and dedication to this craft is more than obvious, begins her course with a rundown on optional materials as well as essential tools....Golden explores an amazing range of possibilities for journals, photo albums, poetry books, and more....An especially attractive crafts book. -Booklist.
Totally Cool Journals, Notebooks and Diaries by
Collect your memories and mementos in journals that you can make as special as the words and treasures stored inside. Packed with fantastic full-color photos, this guide features more than 30 creative projects and all the “how-tos” you need. Start from scratch or decorate a store-bought book. Have fun shopping for supplies and searching for “recyclable” items to use at home, and then start crafting. Treat your friends to mini, personalized notebooks that can be worn as bracelets. Have a game that’s missing too many pieces to play? Use the game cards or play money to make tiny books! Stash photos, ticket stubs, programs and other highlights of the school year in a book with envelope pages. A magnetic notebook with an attached pen is especially handy inside your locker, and a journal with a tie-dye cover is perfect for recording dreams.
The Pop-Up Book by
The ultimate guide to creating paper pops nbsp; The magical qualities of three-dimensional and moving books have universal appeal. The Pop-Up Book offers a clear and practical guide to the pop-up papercrafts for all levels of artist, from home hobbyists to professional graphic designers and architects. Illustrated with specially comissioned photography, it includes specific projects with easy-to-follow steps, general techniques for greater personal experimentation and creativity, and a gallery of designs created by some of today's best pop-up artists for an inspirational finish.
Whatcha Mean, What's a Zine? by
A zine is a handmade magazine or mini-comic about anything you can imagine: favorite bands, personal stories, subcultures, or collections. They contain diary entries, rants, interviews, and stories. They can be by one person or many, found in stores, traded at comic conventions, exchanged with friends, or given away for free. Zines are not a new idea: they’ve been around for years under various names (chapbooks, flyers, pamphlets). People with independent ideas have been getting their word out since before there were printing presses. This book is for anyone who wants to create their own zine. It’s for learning tips and tricks from contributors who have been at the fore front of the zine movement. It’s for getting inspired to put thoughts and ideas down on paper. It’s for learning how to design and print your own zine so you can put it in others’ hands. Whatcha Mean, What’s a Zine? is for anyone who has something to say.
Magic Books and Paper Toys by
Everyone loves a good book, but what's better than one you've made by hand? And not just any straightforward book, but simple pop-up books, flip books, magic pamphlets, pop-up maps, and accordions! Esther K. Smith, author of How to Make Books, unlocks the secrets of making tricky book forms even if you've never worked with paper before. While some of these 25 projects can be made by kids with a little help from mom or dad, all are designed with the adult in mind, the adult who's a kid at heart! With step-by-step directions and charming illustrations, a few carefully placed cuts and an array of folds and twists almost magically become a colorful, multidimensional book.
Assemble brushbots made from toothbrush tops, pager motors and coin cell batteries. Then create runs to race them!
Brushbot. Photography. MakerShed. Web. 20 Feb 2015.
Robotics by
Once, robots were only found in science fiction books and movies. Today, robots are everywhere! They assemble massive cars and tiny computer chips. They help doctors do delicate surgery. They vacuum our houses and mow our lawns. Robot toys play with us, follow our commands, and respond to our moods. We even send robots to explore the depths of the ocean and the expanse of space. In Robotics, children ages 9 and up learn how robots affect both the future and the present. Hands-on activities make learning both fun and lasting.
Robot - Eyewitness by
Take a detailed look at the fascinating world of robots - from the earliest single-task machines to the advanced intelligence of robots with feelings. Young readers will be amazed to learn all that robots can do: perform delicate surgical operations, clean city sewers, work as museum tour guides, or even battle each other in combat. Find out how humans have created these mechanical minds and bodies.
Robot Army Rampage by
Nick and Tesla return in an all-new, robot-filled adventure! When a rash of robberies hits the town of Half Moon Bay, 11-year-old sleuths Nick and Tesla are determined to catch the criminals--but to do so, they'll have to build a host of new gadgets and gizmos! In this robot-themed follow-up to Nick and Tesla's High-Voltage Danger Lab, the brother-and-sister duo build four different droids out of ordinary household objects--and illustrated instructions are included throughout the story, so you can build them, too! Make bristlebots that buzz, hoverbots that float above the ground, battlebots that duke it out, and more! Can Nick and Tesla catch the criminal mastermind--and foil his army of rampaging robots--before it's too late?
Robots by
WHAT'S THAT STIRRING AND WHIRRING? Robots have left the lab and are on the move, discovering sunken treasure, traveling deep into space, and venturing inside raging infernos. Read about the real-life robots that are mowing our lawns, spying on us, saving lives, and doing what humans cannot -- dealing with deadly poisons and explosive devices! But that's not all. You'll learn about what might be in store with advances in artificial intelligence, robots that are learning to mimic human emotions, and even half-human, half-robot cyborgs. Could a robot rebellion occur in the future? Will nanorobots be so small that a thousand of them could hide behind a pinhead? From giant car-crushing machines to the latest microbots working inside the human body, this is the complete guide to the exciting world of robotics.
Robo World by
- Perfect combination of biography (100+ pages) and science. - Written in an engaging, easy-to-read style. - All bio subjects are contemporary and active in their fields. - An advisory board of prominent scientists, including Rita R. Colwell, former director of the National Science Foundation, and Alan J. Friedman, director of the New York Hall of Science, conceptualized the series and chose bio subjects.
Future Tech by
Future Tech illustrates and explains the most current research and technologies that promise to change our lives dramatically in the future. From machines with the ability of independent thought, to cars that drive themselves, to robots that borrow their nature from nature itself, this book gives young readers an inspiring glimpse of possibilities within their lifetimes. Budding young scientists will be awed to learn of "spray-on" computers that could one day outfit us in smart clothes; every young mind will be psyched to encounter humanoid robots like Cog and Kismet; and how cool would it be to one day have tiny robots enter the bloodstream to clean up our arteries? The book's high-quality photos and drawings explore... * The future of technology: how will robotics and biomimetics shape our world? * The future of medicine: how will prosthetics and transplants change our lives? * The future of transportation: what will run the cars of the future--or will we travel by some other means? * The future of family life: what can we expect from the super-smart house, office, and school of the future? Future Tech will fast-forward readers into a time of incredible innovation and change. This fascinating latest addition to the National Geographic Investigates Science series is way ahead of its time. National Geographic supports K-12 educators with ELA Common Core Resources. Visit www.natgeoed.org/commoncore for more information.
Science Comics: Coral Reefs by
This volume: in Coral Reefs, we learn all about these tiny, adorable sea animals! This absorbing look at ocean science covers the biology of coral reefs as well as their ecological importance. Nonfiction comics genius Maris Wicks brings to bear her signature combination of hardcore cuteness and in-depth science.
Crochet Step by Step by 
Kids Can Knit by
The author gives directions for completing sixteen projects, including a funny-face drawstring bag, a super-size name scarf, a matching head scarf and belt, dolls with floppy arms and legs, a plaid poncho, and even a cozy mohair-and-wool sweater. Here's the latest, greatest kids' craze--and here's an easy and fun way to start knitting.
Design and create a costume using unexpected materials found in homes and classrooms.
Child dressed up as a wild lion. Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. 30 Jan 2015.
Make Costumes by
This oversized book describes how to make simple costumes with easy to follow directions.
Costume by
Full-color photos. Live models display loincloths and togas, powdered wigs and "steeple" headdresses, buckskins and bloomers, shoes, wedding dresses, children's clothes, and bathing suits in this guide to clothing throughout the ages.
Making Masks by
Masks are a great way for kids to explore, play and have fun. The step-by-step instructions in this book in the Kids Can Do It series make the 13 unique masks featured a snap to create and decorate. Whether it's for a Halloween party, a school play or just for dress-up, a little imagination is all it takes for children to conceal their faces -- and reveal someone new in their places! Mask designs include * a jolly jester * a dangerous dinosaur * a lordly lion * a grumpy gargoyle
Glue and Go Costumes for Kids by
With readily available supplies and basic tools such as scissors and a glue gun, you can create unique, oversize, eye-catching costumes. You won't believe how simple it is to transform a kid into corn on the cob, a cupcake, pencil, racecar, monster, basket of flowers, birdhouse, hot air balloon, plate of bacon and eggs, or other unforgettable disguise. These 28 clever ideas are showcased in fabulous full-color photographs and are made with easy-to-find materials, including plastic cups and plates, cardboard boxes, fabric and foam core. A fantastic resource for teachers, librarians, and parents.
Generation T by
Make it yours. This inspirational guide with DIY attitude has everything you need to know about the world's great T-shirt: how to cut it, sew it, deconstruct it, reconstruct it, and best of all, transform it. - Features more than 100 projects (plus 200 variations) for customized tees, tank tops, tube tops, T-skirts-even handbags, a patchwork blanket, iPod cozies, leg warmers, and more. - Not a DIY expert? Not to worry. More than one third of the projects are no sew, meaning anyone who can wield a pair of scissors can put a personal stamp on her wardrobe. But the sewing basics are here too: backstitch and whipstitch, gather and ruche, appliqué and drawstrings. - And the mission statement for Generation T: Ask not what your T-shirt can do for you; ask what you can do for your T-shirt. And then Do-It-Yourself!
Sew Subversive by
Sew Subversive is about making fashion your own, whether it's embellishing or customizing off-the-rack clothing or transforming clothes that have lost that loving feeling. The three twenty-something co-owners of Stitch Lounge, an urban sewing studio in San Francisco, teach you, in plain, fun language, how to do it, whether you're hand sewing, machine sewing, or, in a few cases, simply wielding a pair of scissors. The first three chapters lay the ground work: Hand Sewing Basics, You and Your Machine, and Gearing Up, which includes Fabric 101, how to set up a sewing space, and a run-through first project on the sewing machine. Then the fun begins with Embellishing and Customizing projects, including adorning your pant legs with ribboning, turning a computer-scanned image into an iron-on that you can apply to a t-shirt or skirt, taking in a skirt, or untapering a pair of pants (the authors believe tapered pants are the devil's work). Then move onto Refashioning: The Next Life of Your Old Clothes and turn a t-shirt into a skirt, a sweater into a halter top or legwarmers, or a pair of pants into a hip belt. There are 22 projects in all, some of which only require an iron and/or pair of scissors, while others can be sewn by hand, for those readers who haven't yet made the sewing machine plunge.
Bend-the-Rules Sewing by
Author Amy Karol, whose Angry Chicken is one of the best-loved craft blogs on the Web, brings stitchers everywhere a down-to-earth introduction to sewing, including thirty projects so adorable and cool they’ll inspire anyone to pick up a needle and thread. Written with Amy’s characteristic warmth and flair, you’ll find information on basic equipment and supplies, advice on choosing and using fabrics, and a fantastic section on techniques. In addition, Amy walks readers through easy, inspiring patterns designed for the fashion-savvy crafter. Playful, modern projects, which include pillows, aprons, and purses, help novices master sewing skills while providing immediate sewing gratification—and confidence. Best of all, Amy explains what’s easy, what’s hard, and when not to sweat the small stuff. With its best-friend tone, solid reference section, and supercute projects, this is the introduction to sewing that you won’t want to be without.
Learn and explore how to create your own kaleidoscope using paper tubes and gemstones.
Kaleidoscope View. Photography. Encyclopedia Brittanica ImageQuest. Web. 10 Feb 2017.
Design and sew felt iPhone cases or other fun and useful items.
We Love to Sew by
Introduce kids to the wonderful world of sewing with this imaginative how-to book. Thirty brilliant projects for young sewists showcase a fresh, modern style - each one is fully explained with step-by-step instructions, engaging photographs, and helpful tips. These super-cool projects - from jewellery and bags to home decor - will quickly teach the aspiring seamstress a variety of sewing skill and give her a fantastic "do-it-yourself" confidence.
The New Jumbo Book of Easy Crafts by
Got a clothespin? Turn it into a dragonfly. Got a walnut? Turn it into a sailboat. Kids will find these plus hundreds more easy crafts, including animals, nature crafts, games, gifts, toys and works of art in the revised, updated and redesigned New Jumbo Book of Easy Crafts. We've added 20 new crafts, including a wind sock to check the weather, a new costume for dress-up and a wagon train to store craft materials and toys. We've also revitalized the cover and interior with fresh designs, while illustrator Caroline Price has added new illustrations, revisited her original art and colorized it. You'll also find an updated introduction and materials section. The book divides crafts into four themed sections: Imagine and Create, Wear and Use, Make and Play and Decorate and Celebrate, making it easy for kids, parents and teachers to find the perfect craft for a special day, a special person or just for fun.
Gifts Kids Can Make by
Here's an easy book of enjoyable crafts projects for kids -- all with the aim of making a valued gift for someone important. Step-by-step simple instructions show how to make high quality toys, ornaments, dolls, jewelry, pet toys and decorative items for all occasions. All of the gifts are made from easy-to-find materials that you probably have around the house: make a bunny from a facecloth, a hobby horse from a work sock, ornaments from spices and fruit, jewelry from magazine pages, a basket from a piece of rope and some cloth strips -- and much, much more. When the gift is finished, wrap it with lively, inventive gift wrapping in the form of bags, boxes, card and bows that are made from both new and recycled materials -- all featured in the "Wrap It Up" section.
Alternacrafts by
With an emphasis on recycling, making projects from scratch, and improvisation - as well as detailed, easy-to-understand instructions - this title gives crafters the skills they need to self-express, by shaping their own environments, whether they're working on their bodies, their bedrooms, their lockers at school, or their first apartments.
Bend-the-Rules Sewing by
Author Amy Karol, whose Angry Chicken is one of the best-loved craft blogs on the Web, brings stitchers everywhere a down-to-earth introduction to sewing, including thirty projects so adorable and cool they’ll inspire anyone to pick up a needle and thread. Written with Amy’s characteristic warmth and flair, you’ll find information on basic equipment and supplies, advice on choosing and using fabrics, and a fantastic section on techniques. In addition, Amy walks readers through easy, inspiring patterns designed for the fashion-savvy crafter. Playful, modern projects, which include pillows, aprons, and purses, help novices master sewing skills while providing immediate sewing gratification—and confidence. Best of all, Amy explains what’s easy, what’s hard, and when not to sweat the small stuff. With its best-friend tone, solid reference section, and supercute projects, this is the introduction to sewing that you won’t want to be without.
Sew Subversive by
Sew Subversive is about making fashion your own, whether it's embellishing or customizing off-the-rack clothing or transforming clothes that have lost that loving feeling. The three twenty-something co-owners of Stitch Lounge, an urban sewing studio in San Francisco, teach you, in plain, fun language, how to do it, whether you're hand sewing, machine sewing, or, in a few cases, simply wielding a pair of scissors. The first three chapters lay the ground work: Hand Sewing Basics, You and Your Machine, and Gearing Up, which includes Fabric 101, how to set up a sewing space, and a run-through first project on the sewing machine. Then the fun begins with Embellishing and Customizing projects, including adorning your pant legs with ribboning, turning a computer-scanned image into an iron-on that you can apply to a t-shirt or skirt, taking in a skirt, or untapering a pair of pants (the authors believe tapered pants are the devil's work). Then move onto Refashioning: The Next Life of Your Old Clothes and turn a t-shirt into a skirt, a sweater into a halter top or legwarmers, or a pair of pants into a hip belt. There are 22 projects in all, some of which only require an iron and/or pair of scissors, while others can be sewn by hand, for those readers who haven't yet made the sewing machine plunge.
Observe the silk screening of t-shirts and take home a STEAM Fair souvenir!
We Love to Sew by
Introduce kids to the wonderful world of sewing with this imaginative how-to book. Thirty brilliant projects for young sewists showcase a fresh, modern style - each one is fully explained with step-by-step instructions, engaging photographs, and helpful tips. These super-cool projects - from jewellery and bags to home decor - will quickly teach the aspiring seamstress a variety of sewing skill and give her a fantastic "do-it-yourself" confidence.
Generation T by
Make it yours. This inspirational guide with DIY attitude has everything you need to know about the world's great T-shirt: how to cut it, sew it, deconstruct it, reconstruct it, and best of all, transform it. - Features more than 100 projects (plus 200 variations) for customized tees, tank tops, tube tops, T-skirts-even handbags, a patchwork blanket, iPod cozies, leg warmers, and more. - Not a DIY expert? Not to worry. More than one third of the projects are no sew, meaning anyone who can wield a pair of scissors can put a personal stamp on her wardrobe. But the sewing basics are here too: backstitch and whipstitch, gather and ruche, appliqué and drawstrings. - And the mission statement for Generation T: Ask not what your T-shirt can do for you; ask what you can do for your T-shirt. And then Do-It-Yourself!
Make wearable art from pop tops and discarded headphone cables.
We Love to Sew by
Introduce kids to the wonderful world of sewing with this imaginative how-to book. Thirty brilliant projects for young sewists showcase a fresh, modern style - each one is fully explained with step-by-step instructions, engaging photographs, and helpful tips. These super-cool projects - from jewellery and bags to home decor - will quickly teach the aspiring seamstress a variety of sewing skill and give her a fantastic "do-it-yourself" confidence.
Funky Junk by
Using nuts, bolts, washers and other odds and ends, kids can create all kinds of funky doodads in this book in the Kids Can Do It series. The helpful hardware shopping guide, tool tips and simple-to-follow directions guarantee kids will hit the nail on the head with each of these cool projects!
Nature's Art Box by
Whether it's a city park, a suburban backyard, a farmer's field, or the sandy seashore, there's a treasure trove of natural art materials out there. Twigs, vines, pinecones, flowers, leaves, rocks, shells, moss, feathers - they're all gifts of the earth. Add just a few inexpensive store-bought items, such as glue, string, and wire, and anyone can create beautiful, natural works of art. In Nature's Art Box, writer, gardener, and nature-crafter Laura Martin offers 65 fun projects kids will love to make, using materials they can find just about anywhere. She explains how to make paints and inks from flowers and other plants; how to use shells, moss, seedpods, and cones to embellish large objects; how to build elf-sized furniture; how to decorate picture frames, birdhouses, and keepsake boxes with woodland treasures; and how to dig clay, weave vines, and make natural dyes to color T-shirts. While Martin teaches kids to see the possibilities of the natural world, she also teaches them to respect what the earth offers. She warns them against stripping bark off live trees, plucking every flower in the field, and clearing the ground of every nut and seed. Nature's Art Box helps kids learn to be good artists and conscientious stewards of nature's resources.
Generation T by
Make it yours. This inspirational guide with DIY attitude has everything you need to know about the world's great T-shirt: how to cut it, sew it, deconstruct it, reconstruct it, and best of all, transform it. - Features more than 100 projects (plus 200 variations) for customized tees, tank tops, tube tops, T-skirts-even handbags, a patchwork blanket, iPod cozies, leg warmers, and more. - Not a DIY expert? Not to worry. More than one third of the projects are no sew, meaning anyone who can wield a pair of scissors can put a personal stamp on her wardrobe. But the sewing basics are here too: backstitch and whipstitch, gather and ruche, appliqué and drawstrings. - And the mission statement for Generation T: Ask not what your T-shirt can do for you; ask what you can do for your T-shirt. And then Do-It-Yourself!
Sew Subversive by
Sew Subversive is about making fashion your own, whether it's embellishing or customizing off-the-rack clothing or transforming clothes that have lost that loving feeling. The three twenty-something co-owners of Stitch Lounge, an urban sewing studio in San Francisco, teach you, in plain, fun language, how to do it, whether you're hand sewing, machine sewing, or, in a few cases, simply wielding a pair of scissors. The first three chapters lay the ground work: Hand Sewing Basics, You and Your Machine, and Gearing Up, which includes Fabric 101, how to set up a sewing space, and a run-through first project on the sewing machine. Then the fun begins with Embellishing and Customizing projects, including adorning your pant legs with ribboning, turning a computer-scanned image into an iron-on that you can apply to a t-shirt or skirt, taking in a skirt, or untapering a pair of pants (the authors believe tapered pants are the devil's work). Then move onto Refashioning: The Next Life of Your Old Clothes and turn a t-shirt into a skirt, a sweater into a halter top or legwarmers, or a pair of pants into a hip belt. There are 22 projects in all, some of which only require an iron and/or pair of scissors, while others can be sewn by hand, for those readers who haven't yet made the sewing machine plunge.
Shoes by
As obsessive as the most obsessive shoe lover, Shoes is the #1 bestselling gallery calendar, packed with a year of glamorous shoes that are just the right size. Elegantly photographed in full color, here are hundreds of sandals, pumps, boots, stilettos, platforms, and slingbacks from the most covetable designers: Nicholas Kirkwood, Stuart Weitzman, Andrea Pfister, Herbert Levine, Manolo, Jourdan, and more. Inspired by Linda O'Keefe's international bestseller Shoes, it's a fantasy of exquisite footwear.
Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion by
"Steele, director of the Fashion Institute of Technology Museum, has crafted, with the help of 325 contributors, an authoritative introduction to fashion, the industry, and the issues that hve defined the field. Some 640 articles describe the colorful facets of couture and textiles, from fabrics of chintz, corduroy, and feathers to such garb as aprons, bikinis, and prison dress. There are color plates and nearly 600 black-and-white illustrations. Back matter includes a comprehensive index, a timeline, and a topical outline."--"Reference that rocks," American Libraries, May 2005.
Bend-the-Rules Sewing by
Author Amy Karol, whose Angry Chicken is one of the best-loved craft blogs on the Web, brings stitchers everywhere a down-to-earth introduction to sewing, including thirty projects so adorable and cool they’ll inspire anyone to pick up a needle and thread. Written with Amy’s characteristic warmth and flair, you’ll find information on basic equipment and supplies, advice on choosing and using fabrics, and a fantastic section on techniques. In addition, Amy walks readers through easy, inspiring patterns designed for the fashion-savvy crafter. Playful, modern projects, which include pillows, aprons, and purses, help novices master sewing skills while providing immediate sewing gratification—and confidence. Best of all, Amy explains what’s easy, what’s hard, and when not to sweat the small stuff. With its best-friend tone, solid reference section, and supercute projects, this is the introduction to sewing that you won’t want to be without.
Create wire sculptures.
Make Sculptures! by
All books in this series feature 10 or more projects, complete with clear step-by-step instructions and big, beautiful photographs that show exactly what materials am needed.
Adventures in Art by
For ages 9 to 12 years. This classic for the older child opens a diverse world of artistic expression and varied mediums. Here children take over 200 artistic adventures into paints, pastels, ethnic and recycled art, sculpture, 3-dimensional art, still life, perspective, charcoal, landscapes, batik, silkscreen and much more. In this revised edition, children meet the likes of Henri Matisse, Grandma Moses, and Diego Rivera, applying the artists' styles to their own art -- while broadening their view of what art can be.
Steel Wire Jewelry by
What has impressively strong colour and is easy to find, cheaper than silver and incredibly pliable? Steel wire, the hottest new jewellery-making material around. These 35 edgy projects include earrings, necklaces, bracelets and rings and they're all perfect for the beginner. An introduction discusses metal's unique properties and all the basic techniques, from forming curves to creating chains, ribbons, clasps and closures.
Wonderful Wire Works by
Material of choice is wire, as in screens, meshes, and filaments....Tools and equipment are simple, such as glues, pliers, and cutters....more than 60 fairly easy-to-follow patterns, from a wrapped amber necklace and decorated goblets to a wondrous mesh handbag.”—Booklist. “Fun project ideas.”—Good Housekeeping.